New quality productivity represents the core force driving global economic transformation and high-quality development. It signifies a shift in the economic system from being driven by traditional factors to a focus on innovation, technology intensiveness, and green, sustainable transformation. In this context, establishing an effective quality productivity monitoring system is of critical importance. This paper aims to construct a theoretical framework for the new quality productivity monitoring system and analyze its key elements. The goal is to provide a robust data foundation and scientific guidance for policy planning, platform development, talent cultivation, and introduction. The ultimate aim is to achieve real-time monitoring and precise evaluation of new quality productivity, ensuring its alignment with the long-term development of the social economy.