Enterprise mergers and acquisitions (M&A) are vital strategies for companies worldwide to expand markets, enhance competitiveness, and achieve strategic goals. The Chinese government’s strong support for the new energy industry has created a favorable policy environment for the development of the lithium battery sector. Against this backdrop, Tianqi Lithium Corp’s acquisition of Sociedad Química y Minera (SQM) in Chile has garnered widespread attention. This paper takes Tianqi Lithium Corp’s acquisition of SQM as the research subject, conducting a detailed analysis of the motives behind the M&A. Subsequently, financial indicators are employed to conduct a performance analysis from a financial perspective, examining the impact of the M&A. Finally, based on the findings of the case analysis, relevant suggestions are proposed to offer a reference for the development of enterprise mergers and acquisitions.