Performance Optimization Strategies for Porous Carbon Supercapacitors
Porous carbon materials are carbon-based materials with well-developed pore structures and high specific surface areas. This unique structure endows porous carbon with excellent physical properties, adsorption capacity, and catalytic activity, making it a popular material for supercapacitor electrodes. However, low energy density has become a major bottleneck that limits its development. This article reviews the optimization methods from the two perspectives of the template method and the heteroatom doping method by sorting out its energy storage mechanism. The results show that the hard template method can accurately regulate the pore size, but the process of removing the template involves strong corrosive reagents; The soft template method does not need to use acid/base etching, but it is difficult to regulate the pore size accurately; The salt template method can remove the template by washing, which is the most environmentally friendly strategy among the three; Heteroatom doping is mainly represented by nitrogen doping, which can effectively improve the electrochemical properties of porous carbon materials, but the underlying mechanism still needs to be studied. Finally, the possible development prospects of porous carbon supercapacitors are discussed at the end.
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