Against the background of the continuous reform in medical education, biochemistry, as a fundamental medical course, maintains a close connection with clinical practice. However, under the traditional teaching model, the effectiveness of the “basic-clinical” connection is relatively poor, which hinders the improvement of educational outcomes. In the practical teaching of higher vocational medical education, the integration of the AI Case-Guided Learning System can enhance students’ enthusiasm for knowledge exploration and effectively improve teaching quality. Starting from the perspective of the “basic-clinical” connection teaching in the biochemistry course, this paper analyzes the application value of the AI Case-Guided Learning System and proposes specific application strategies, aiming to accumulate experience for the innovation of biochemistry teaching.