As a pioneer of modern literature in China and a great figure in the history of intellectuals in China, Lu Xun used his prose as a very sharp sword to cut off the bad things in the traditional national character of China. His literary struggle seems to be very difficult; in fact, it comes from his deep and painful love for his country and his strong need to save the country when China is in great danger. More than a century has passed, and the Chinese nation has undergone incredible changes and is proud and prosperous on the world stage. However, when we are moving towards the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, it is still very helpful to look at Lu Xun’s criticism again. Great changes have taken place in people’s culture and psychology, but some old psychological habits have changed their forms and still exist today. This paper aims to review Lu Xun’s main thoughts on national character, analyze how they change in today’s society, find out why they continue and change, and show what Lu Xun’s thoughts can teach us today. Finally, this analysis tells us that cultivating modern, independent, rational, and patriotic citizens is closely related to the historical mission of building a strong, culturally advanced, and innovative modern China.