In the global landscape of artificial intelligence (AI) governance, AI education governance has become a prominent key issue. As a pioneer in global AI governance, the United Kingdom has built a distinctive AI education governance system through systematic policy design and institutional innovation. This study adopts an “idea–mechanism–action” analytical framework to systematically examine the governance philosophy, governance mechanisms, governance experiences, policy trends, and international role of UK AI education governance. The UK’s core values center on “human-centricity, transparency and explainability, inclusive good governance, and supporting innovation.” Through four major mechanisms—prevention, regulation, collaboration, and ethics—the UK has established a comprehensive AI education governance system. It has accumulated rich experience in evidence-based policymaking, standardization and norms, and collaborative cooperation. Current UK policies show trends of transitioning from digitalization to intelligent transformation, emphasizing educational equity and inclusion, and empowering teachers. On the international stage, the UK actively plays the roles of governance standard-setter and development cooperation promoter. Finally, this paper offers implications for AI education governance in other countries: establishing the core concept of “technology empowerment, innovation-driven,” constructing a multi-stakeholder collaborative governance framework, adopting a composite “agile governance + cooperative governance” approach, and promoting the scientific and efficient development of AI education governance.