High-quality development is the central theme of higher education in the new era. Teaching management, as the key hub for talent cultivation in higher education institutions, has a level of scientificity, refinement, and intelligence that directly determines the quality and effectiveness of education and cultivation. Facing the current reality of expanded university scale, diversified discipline structure, and upgraded educational needs, the traditional teaching management model has prominent drawbacks, including cumbersome processes, data fragmentation, delayed responses, and single assessment methods, which are unable to meet the requirements of high-quality development. This paper focuses on the background of high-quality development, clarifies the core goals of teaching management reform in universities in terms of system improvement, efficiency enhancement, and quality assurance, and explores systematic reform methods from two key dimensions: building an intelligent management platform and improving the refined assessment mechanism. These efforts aim to provide practical references for universities to optimize their teaching governance systems and enhance the quality of talent cultivation.